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從生物學的角度,æ¯å€‹äººçš„é«”é‡æœƒæ–¼ç™¼è‚²å¾Œé©æ‡‰åœ¨æŸä¸€å€‹å®šé»žä¸Šï¼Œä¸€äº›æ¸›è‚¥äººå£«è‹¥ä»¥ä¸€å€‹èº«é«”é©æ‡‰ä¸ä¾†çš„方法(如極低å¡è·¯é‡Œæ”å–é‡ï¼‰æˆ–速度減磅時,身體機能如新陳代è¬ä¾¿æœƒè‡ªå‹•åœ°èª¿ç¯€å…¶é€Ÿåº¦ï¼Œå¸Œæœ›ä½¿ç£…數能維æŒåœ¨åŽŸæœ‰çš„定點上[23]。若未能慢慢地教曉身體é©æ‡‰æ‰€æ¸›åŽ»çš„是ä¸å¿…è¦çš„磅數時,就以極端的方法節食,身體便會進入一個飢è’狀態,以æ醒自己è¦ç›¡é‡å¸å–更多營養以備身體所需,更需儲備多些以é é˜²é£¢è’警號å†æ¬¡å‡ºç¾ï¼Œæ–¼æ˜¯åœ¨åƒå›žæ­£å¸¸ä»½é‡æ™‚ä¸ä½†å¿ƒç†ä¸Šæœƒåƒå¾—更多,而生ç†ä¸Šäº¦æœƒç‰¹åˆ¥å¸æ”¶ã€‚這個ç†è«–解釋了為何使用極端方法減磅的人在生ç†åŠå¿ƒç†ä¸Šéƒ½æœƒæœ‰å¼·çƒˆé€²é£Ÿçš„慾望(有時候會變為暴食),更解釋了減磅éŽé€Ÿç‚ºä½•æœƒå®¹æ˜“å彈。

 

血清素失調

研究指出[24],部份進食失調症患者血液中的血清素ä¸æ´»èºäº¦æœ‰å¯èƒ½æ˜¯å…¶æ‚£ç—…之原因。因此,部份患者會出ç¾å…¶ä»–與血清素有關的情緒病,如焦慮症ã€å¼·è¿«ç—‡èˆ‡æŠ‘鬱症等[25]。在這個時候,藥物如血清素å†æ”å–抑制劑(Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors, SSRIs)便能幫助部份病人穩定情緒,進而穩定進食情æ³ã€‚但å¯æƒœç”±æ–¼åŽ­é£Ÿç—‡æ‚£è€…的生ç†ç³»çµ±å¤±èª¿ï¼Œå› æ­¤è¦åœ¨å…¶é«”é‡æ¢å¾©æ™‚藥物æ‰æœƒè¦‹æ•ˆ[26]。

 

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在家庭éºå‚³ç ”究發ç¾[27],進食失調患者親屬的發病率比普通人高;而雙胞胎研究亦發ç¾ï¼ŒåŒåµé›™ç”Ÿçš„雙胞胎åŒæ™‚患上進食失調的機會比異åµé›™ç”Ÿçš„雙胞胎高。由此å¯è¦‹ï¼Œéºå‚³å› å­è·Ÿé€²é£Ÿå¤±èª¿ç—‡çš„發病率有一定的關係。這å¯èƒ½æ˜¯èˆ‡è¦ªå±¬é–“分享著共åŒçš„éºå‚³å› å­åŠå…±åŒçš„環境因素有關。

 

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根據研究顯示,女性比男性患上進食失調症的比例太約是10:1[28],而患上進食失調症的高å±éšŽæ®µå¤šç‚ºé’少年期至æˆå¹´æœŸåˆæœŸã€‚é’少年在發育期間的è·çˆ¾è’™åˆ†æ³Œ[29]åŠç”Ÿç†ä¸Šéƒ½æœƒèµ·è®ŠåŒ–[30](如長高ã€å‡ºç¾ç¬¬äºŒæ€§å¾µç­‰ï¼‰ï¼Œé€™äº›ç”Ÿç†è®ŠåŒ–都å¯èƒ½æ§‹æˆæ–¼é’少年期患上進食失調症的原因。

 

åƒè€ƒè³‡æ–™ï¼š
[23]Keesey, R. E. (1995). A set-point model of body weight regulation. In K. D. Brownell & C. G. Fairburn (Eds.), Eating disorders and obesity: A comprehensive handbook, pp.46-50. New York: Guilford.

[24]Jacobi, C., Hayward, C., de Zwaan, M., Kraemer, H.C., Agras, W. S. (2004). Coming to terms with risk factors for Eating Disorders: Application of risk terminology and suggestions for a general taxonomy. Psychological Bulletin, 130(1), 19-65.

[25]Steiger, H., Young, S. N., Kin, N.M.K., Ng, Y., Koerner, N., Israel, M., Lageix, P., Paris, J. (2001). Implications of impulsive and affective symptoms for serotonin function in bulimia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 31(1), 85-95.

[26]Favaro, A., Tenconi, E., Santonastaso, P. (2006). Perinatal factors and the risk of developing Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 63, 82-88.

[27]Jacobi, C., Hayward, C., de Zwaan, M., Kraemer, H.C., Agras, W. S. (2004). Coming to terms with risk factors for Eating Disorders: Application of risk terminology and suggestions for a general taxonomy. Psychological Bulletin, 130(1), 19-65.

[28]Jacobi, C., Hayward, C., de Zwaan, M., Kraemer, H.C., Agras, W.S. (2004). Coming to terms with risk factors for Eating Disorders: Application of risk terminology and suggestions for a general taxonomy. Psychological Bulletin, 130(1), 19-65.

[29]Garfinkel, P. E., & Garner, D. M. (1982). Anorexia nervosa: A multidimensional perspective. New York: Basic Books.

[30]Coovert, D. L., Kinder, B. N., & Thompson, J. K. (1989). The psychosexual aspects of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 9,169-180.